In the months leading up to the Madrid Summit, more than two hundred of the world’s leading scholars and expert practitioners explored the issues of democracy, terrorism and security in an unparalleled process of scholarly debate. There discussions were conducted through a system of password-protected web-logs, and concluded on the first day of the summit.

Each working group issued a final paper of recommendations on which the contributions of The Madrid Summit Working Paper Series are based.

The Madrid Summit Working Paper Series consists of three volumes:

• Volume I – The Causes of Terrorism – includes contributions on the psychological roots of terrorism, political explanations, economic factors, religion, and culture. [PDF file, 728 KB]
• Volume II – Confronting Terrorism – deals with policing, intelligence, military responses, terrorist finance, and science and technology. [PDF file, 728 KB]
• Volume III – Towards a Democratic Response – addresses the role of international institutions, legal responses, democracy promotion, human rights and civil society. [PDF file, 748 KB]

We, the members of the Club of Madrid, former presidents and prime ministers of democratic countries dedicated to the promotion of democracy, have brought together political leaders, experts and citizens from across the world.

We listened to many voices. We acknowledged the widespread fear and uncertainty generated by terrorism. Our principles and policy recommendations address these fundamental concerns.

Ours is a call to action for leaders everywhere. An agenda for action for Governments, institutions, civil society, the media and individuals. A global democratic response to the global threat of terrorism.

Read the full text of The Madrid Agenda

Club de Madrid directive: Mary Robinson, Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Kim Campbell on the Madrid Agenda presentation.

Full text of the Resolution: United States Senate Resolution 76 ATS: Expressing the sense of the Senate on the anniversary of the deadly terrorist attacks launched against the people of Spain on March 11, 2004.]]> http://summit.clubmadrid.org/home/united-states-senate-passes-resolution-welcoming-the-club-of-madrid-initiative.html http://summit.clubmadrid.org/home/united-states-senate-passes-resolution-welcoming-the-club-of-madrid-initiative.html home Fri, 11 Mar 2005 08:00:00 +0100 Information about all the plenaries and sessions of March 10th.

• Plenary: The Way Ahead
• Plenary: A Global Strategy for Fighting Terrorism
• Plenary: Closing


• Impact of Terror on Financial Institutions
• Media and Terrorism: Friends or Foes?
• Democracy, Terrorism and the Internet
• Stopping the Spread of WMDs
• Religion and Religious Extremism
• Terrorism and Anti-Terrorism in Spain

The International Summit on Terrorism and Democracy finished today with a closing ceremony which included closing words by many attending authorities including the Spanish President, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. The experts who spoke tried to spell out in their speeches the causes of terrorism, as well as the strategies to be followed in order to combat it. Strict respect of human rights, education in tolerance since childhood, equality and global justice, were some of the proposed solutions. Among the possible causes, misery and frustration of the third world, as well as illegal trafficing and easy access to arms throughout conflictive zones of the planet were emphasized. Religious intolerance was also considered as a possible cause, although leaders of of Islamic countries insisted in seperating the religion which is a social fact, from the possible extremist deviations which feed the terrorist phenomenon.

Full information: Closing Plenary

The President of the Club of Madrid, Fernando Enrique Cardoso, opened the session with a lively introduction which gave way to words from His Majesty Juan Carlos I, King of Spain. The Monarch in a brief and emotional speech, expressed the strength of the Spanish people in the wake of the painful memory that hovers over the city of Madrid, just one year after the tragedy which occurred at the Atocha train station. Afterwards, King Juan Carlos I passed the microphone to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan.

Full information: Special Plenary]]> http://summit.clubmadrid.org/home/special-plenary.html http://summit.clubmadrid.org/home/special-plenary.html home Thu, 10 Mar 2005 23:58:42 +0100 (Continued from: Closing Plenary).

With participation of His Majesty the king and the secretary general of the United Nations

The President of the Club of Madrid, Fernando Enrique Cardoso, opened the session with a lively introduction which gave way to words from His Majesty Juan Carlos I, King of Spain. The Monarch in a brief and emotional speech, expressed the strength of the Spanish people in the wake of the painful memory that hovers over the city of Madrid, just one year after the tragedy which occurred at the Atocha train station. Afterwards, King Juan Carlos I passed the microphone to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan.

The International Summit on Terrorism and Democracy finished today with a closing ceremony which included closing words by many attending authorities including the Spanish president, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. The experts who spoke tried to spell out in their speeches the causes of terrorism, as well as the strategies to be followed in order to combat it.

Full transcript: A Global Strategy for Fighting Terrorism]]> http://summit.clubmadrid.org/home/a-global-strategy-for-fighting-terrorism.html http://summit.clubmadrid.org/home/a-global-strategy-for-fighting-terrorism.html home Thu, 10 Mar 2005 17:10:53 +0100

The Secretary-General, United Nations

Keynote address to the Closing Plenary of the International Summit on Democracy, Terrorism and Security

Moderator
H.E. Ernesto Zedillo, Former President of Mexico and Club de Madrid member

Participants

• Republic of Austria, H.E. Minister of Interior Liese Prokop
• Inter-American Development Bank, H.E. Enrique Iglesias
• Republic of Brazil, H.E. Minister of Justice Márcio Thomaz Bast
• Council of Europe, Hon. Secretary-General Terry Davis
• Spain, H.E. Minister of Justice Juan Fernando López Aguilar
• United Status of America, H.E. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales
• Federal Republic of Nigeria, Hon. President of the Senate Adolphus Wabara
• Republic of Poland, H.E. Primer Minister Marek Belka
• Republic of Yemen, H.E. Minister of Human Rights Amat A. Alsoswa
• Ukraine, H.E. Secretary for National Security and Defence Petro Poroshenko

Moderator
H.E. Felipe Gonzalez, Former Prime Minister of Spain and Club de Madrid member

Participants

• Kingdom of Belgium, H.E. Vice-Prime Minister Patrick Dewael
• Republic of Bulgaria, H.E. Former President Jeliu Jelev
• Colombia, H.E. Vice President Francisco Santos Calderón
• European Council, H.E. Secretary-General Javier Solana
• Republic of El Salvador, H.E. Minister of the Interior Francisco Lainez
• Palestinian National Authority, H.E. Minister of Civil Affairs Mohamed Darhan
• Romania, H.E. Prime Minister Calin Popescu-Tariceanu
• Russian Federation, H.E. Secretary of the Security Council Igor Ivanov
• Republic of South Africa, H.E. Minister of Intelligence Ronnie Kasrils
• Republic of Tunisia, H.E. Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdelbaki Hermassi

Moderator
H.E. Martii Ahtisaari, Former President of Finland and Club de Madrid member
Participants

• France, H.E. Minister of Foreign Affairs Michel Barnier
• People’s Republic of China, H.E. Former Vice-Prime Minister Qian Qichen
• Republic of Cyprus, H.E. Minister of Foreign Affairs Georgios Iacovou
• Republic of Ecuador, H.E. Minister of Foreign Affairs Patricio Zuquilanda
• Republic of Slovenia, H.E. Minister of Defence Karel Erjavec
• Greece, H.E. Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis
• Republic of Ireland, H.E. Minister of Social and Family Affairs Seamus Brennan
• State of Israel, H.E. First Deputy Prime Minister Shimon Peres
• Mexico, H.E. Attorney General Rafael Macedo de la Concha
• Islamic Republic of Pakistan, H.E. Minister of Parliamentary Affairs Sher Afgan Khan Niazi

Moderator
H.E. Jennifer Mary Shipley, Former Prime Minister of New Zealand and Club de Madrid Member

Participants

• Federal Republic of Germany, H.E. Vice Chancellor Joschka Fischer
• Argentine Republic, H.E. Minister of Foreign Affairs Rafael Bielsa
• Republic of Slovakia, H.E. Minister of Justice Daniel Lipsic
• Spain, H.E. Minister of Interior José Antonio Alonso Suárez
• Republic of Georgia, H.E Special Representative for Abkhazia Irakli Alasania
• Republic of Hungary, H.E. Minister of Interior Monika Lamperth
• League of Arab States, H.E. Secretary-General Amre Moussa
• World Tourism Organisation, H.E. Secretary-General Francesco Frangialli
• Republic of Panama, H.E. Former President Arístides Royo
• Republic of Turkey, H.E. Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan

International cooperation, the promotion democracy, education, and economic assistance for underdeveloped countries are the best tools to defeat terrorism. This was one of the most important conclusions that was reached by the participants of the Thursday morning plenary session. There was a large audience, who followed the speeches of the panellists with a much interest. Among them Hamid Karzai, president of Afghanistan, and other intellectuals debated a strategy that should be adopted by Democracies in the fight against terrorism. During the entire debate the memory of the victims of 11-M was present. Tomorrow will mark the one year anniversary of the event.

Moderator: Rogelio Alonso
Panellists:Fernando Reinares, Edurne Uriarte, Francisco Llera, Antonio Elorza, Carlos Fernández de Casadevante, José Manuel Mata, Oscar Jaime Jiménez, Florencio Domínguez, Maite Pagazaurtundua

The panel Terrorism and Anti-Terrorism in Spain evaluated the country’s experiences with Basque and Islamist terrorism. Controversially, one panellist argued that the Basque case had proved some of the liberal assumptions wrong: political initiatives had consistently failed, democracy – if anything – appeared to encourage the terrorists, and economic prosperity had contributed little to creating stability. Others believed that the Basque experience provided crucial lessons, namely that co-operation – between countries, as well as between the police and the political agencies of the state – was crucial in making counter-terrorism measures effective. The panel was organised in collaboration with Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid.